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Abstract The present study aims to examine the anti-diabetic effects of fullerene C60 nanoparticle, as an anti-oxidant compound, on serum glucose level, body weight, food and water intake, and pancreatic oxidative stress in the rats with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single intravenous injection of streptozotocine (45 mg/kg) into the tail vein of the rats. Four groups of rats were divided as follow: normal, normal treatment, diabetic, and diabetic treatment groups. Normal treatment and diabetic treatment groups received intra-orally fullerene (1 mg/ kg/daily) up to day 60 following streptozotocine injection. Oxidative stress markers in the pancreas were evaluated on day 60 after inducing diabetes mellitus. Injection of streptozotocine significantly increased serum glucose level as well as food and water intake on all experimental days; it decreased body weight on day 60. Streptozotocine increased MDA level and decreased GSH level and SOD activity in the pancreas. Fullerene significantly decreased food and water intake and increased body weight as compared with the diabetic group. Fullerene also could normalize the pancreatic MDA and GSH markers. The present study suggested that fullerene can decrease diabetic symptoms via its anti-oxidant activity in the pancreas in the rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Monitoring the concentration of antibiotics in body fluids is essential to optimizing the therapy and minimizing the risk of bacteria resistance,which can be made with electrochemical sensors tailored with appropriate materials.In this paper,we report on sensors made with screen-printed electrodes(SPE)coated with fullerene(C60),reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and Nafion(NF)(C60-rGO-NF/SPE)to determine the antibiotic metronidazole(MTZ).Under optimized conditions,the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor exhibited a linear response in square wave voltammetry for MTZ concentrations from 2.5×10-7 to 34×10-6 mol/L,with a detection limit of 2.1×10-7 mol/L.This sensor was also capable of detecting MTZ in serum and urine,with recovery between 94％and 100％,which are similar to those of the standard chromatographic method(HPLC-UV).Because the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor is amenable to mass pro-duction and allows for MTZ determination with simple principles of detection,it fulfills the requirements of therapeutic drug monitoring programs.
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@#Fullerene is an effective free radical scavenger and antioxidant. The fullerene derivatives obtained by chemical modification of fullerene have good water solubility and biological activities. Fullerene and its derivatives have many advantages in cell protection and antioxidant properties, antibacterial activity, antiviral activity, photodynamic activity, drug delivery and anti-tumor activities, playing an important role in the field of medicine. In recent years, great progress has been made in this field. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress and applications of fullerene and its derivatives in medicine field at home and abroad from four aspects of regulating tumor microenvironment, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy and anti-oxidative stress. At last, the future development and application of fullerene and its derivatives in the domain of medicine are prospected.
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Porphyrin-fulleren-based nanoparticles (NP), containing magnetic isotopes 25Mg, 67Zn and zinc of natural isotope composition (Zntotal-NP), have been tested on leukemic cells of patients with T-ALL, B-ALL, AML and lymphocytes of healthy donors. Reliable differences in action of magnetic and non-magnetic zinc isotopes for some types of cells were obtained. Magnetic magnesium isotopes and pure nanoparticles of porphyrinfulleren did not demonstrate any effects. 67Zn-NP induced high cytotoxicity in cells of acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia with LD50 almost three times lower, than those for healthy donors, and 4 times lower in comparison with Zntotal-NP. Also evaluation of apoptosis process in granulocytes of healthy donors in the case of the preparates were performed by method of flow cytometry.
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Objective To evaluate the modification of C_(60) on the radiation effects of ~(60)Co-γ irradiation on zebrafish.Methods The adult and embryonic zebrafish were used as model organisms to examine the potential of C_(60) to elicit oxidative stress responses on the surviving rate,hatching rate and malformation occurrence,both upon exposure to light or in the dark.Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage were examined as the possible underlying mechanism.Results 500 × 10~(-9) nano-C_(60) waterborne exposure could enhance the γ-irradiation effects by decreasing adult fish survival upon light exposure,which resulted in ROS and DNA damage increasing.The hatching rates were also inhibited with higher malformation,though dark exposure did not make any enhancement,except that the 5000× 10~(-9) C_(60) would inhibit larvae hatching and induced more malformation.Conclusions Waterborne nano-C_(60) exposure may enhance the radiation effects on zebrafish,ROS production and DNA damage increasing may be the underlying mechanism.
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With the emergence of nanoscience as a distinct speciality in recent times, various methods have been introduced in pharmaceuticals to produce drugs which are more efficacious and less hazardous. Nanomedicine is an offshoot of nanotechnology, which deals with the employment of devices less than 200 nanometres in size, in various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Nanocarriers get concentrated preferentially in tumours, inflammatory sites, and at antigen sampling sites. Once accumulated at the target site, they can act as a local drug depot at the disease site. Nanomaterials comprise carbon-based particles, such as fullerenes, various organic dendrimers, liposomes, and other polymeric compounds. Quantom dots, nanotubes and nanoparticles, nanocapsules and nanospheres, nanoemulsions, nanosuspensions, and polymeric phospholipid micelles are a few that are being increasingly tried in the nano drug delivery system. However, it is important to remember that nanoparticles can act on living cells at the nanolevel, producing not only biologically desirable, but also undesirable effects
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The activity of nano carbon fullerene lipidosome (NCFL) against influenza virus HINI in vitro was studied by observing the cytotoxicities and its activity rendered by different intensities of lighting with various periods of time. Rimantadine hydrochloride was used as the positive control drug. By using microcultural technique, the morphological changes of cells were observed and by using the gentian violet staining, antiviral activity of the NCFL against influenza virus was assayed. The results showed that: (1) The maximal concentration of the NCFL was 7μg/mL and the 50% toxic concentration (TC50) was 13.54μg/mL respectively; (2) NCFL had a significant activity of directly killing the influenza virus, while the activities in antiadsorption and antireplication were not obvious; (3) There was a dose-activity relationship between the dosages of NCFL and the direct killing effect against the influenza virus, and the periods of lighting-time could influence the activity partly. It was concluded that NCFL had a significant activity of directly killing the influenza virus.
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Objective To study the toxicity and mechanism of fullerene(C_(60))on human embryo liver L-02 cells.Methods L-02 cells were exposed to C_(60)suspension of different concentrations(0.00,1.25,2.50,5.00,10.00,20.00 and 40.00?g/ml)for 24 h,then the content of GSH and the activity of LDH,SOD were determined,the viability of cells with/without NAC was also compared.Results Compared to the control group,the viability of cells exposed to 1.25,2.50,5.00,10.00,20.00 and 40.00?g/ml C_(60)suspension decreased in a dose-dependent manner,and the differences were significant(P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>Nanomaterials have numerous potential benefits for society, but the effects of nanomaterials on human health are poorly understood. In this study, we aim to determine the genotoxic effects of chronic exposure to nanomaterials in various cell lines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, human epidermoid-like carcinoma (Hela) cells and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells were treated with the water-soluble fullerence C(60)(OH)(24) for 33-80 days. Cell proliferation, cytotoxic analysis and micronucleus tests were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When treated with C(60)(OH)(24) (0, 10, 100, or 1000 pg/ml) for 33 days, both the HEK293 and Hela cells showed increased cell proliferation, but cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was not affected. After long-term exposure (80 days) to C(60)(OH)(24) (0, 10, 100, or 1000 pg/ml), the CHO, Hela and HEK293 cells showed increased genotoxicity on the micronucleus test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study suggests that nanomaterials, such as C(60)(OH)(24), have genotoxic effects.</p>
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Objectives: Nanomaterials have numerous potential benefits for society, but the effects of nanomaterials on human health are poorly understood. In this study, we aim to determine the genotoxic effects of chronic exposure to nanomaterials in various cell lines. Methods: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, human epidermoid-like carcinoma (Hela) cells and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells were treated with the water-soluble fullerene C60(OH)24 for 33–80 days. Cell proliferation, cytotoxic analysis and micronucleus tests were performed. Results: When treated with C60(OH)24 (0, 10, 100, or 1000 pg/ml) for 33 days, both the HEK293 and Hela cells showed increased cell proliferation, but cellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was not affected. After long-term exposure (80 days) to C60(OH)24 (0, 10, 100, or 1000 pg/ml), the CHO, Hela and HEK293 cells showed increased genotoxicity on the micronucleus test. Conclusion: This study suggests that nanomaterials, such as C60(OH)24, have genotoxic effects.